Africa’s Energy Future: China’s Investments in Renewable Energy Projects Across the Continent

In 2024, China’s influence in Africa’s energy sector continues to grow, especially in the realm of renewable energy. While the continent is still heavily dependent on fossil fuels—responsible for roughly 75% of its electricity generation—there is an unmistakable shift towards green alternatives. China, which has long been a key player in Africa’s infrastructure development, is now positioning itself as a major partner in Africa’s energy transition​

The country’s shift from coal-fired projects to renewable energy financing marks a significant turning point. Since 2020, China has promised not to build new coal power plants abroad, instead redirecting investments into greener options such as wind and solar power​

Chinese companies are involved in various renewable energy projects, especially in countries like Kenya, South Africa, and Morocco. These initiatives aim to harness Africa’s vast natural resources—vast solar fields in the Sahara, abundant wind corridors along the coastlines, and huge hydropower potential. These resources present an opportunity for the continent to not only meet its energy needs but also to leapfrog traditional energy models and embrace a cleaner, more sustainable future​

Yet, despite this focus on renewables, China’s historical energy investments in Africa have largely favored fossil fuels, with renewable energy accounting for just 2% of its energy loans between 2000 and 2022​

This discrepancy presents an opportunity for China to redouble its efforts in green energy. At recent forums, Chinese leaders have committed to increasing investments in green technologies, setting up a roadmap to help Africa tap into renewable sources and reduce its dependency on oil and coal​

The Chinese government and private firms are increasingly focusing on the commercial viability of these projects, ensuring that they are both environmentally and economically sustainable. This shift in strategy includes more structured financing models, with emphasis on risk mitigation, syndicated lending, and smaller, more focused partnerships​

Africa stands to benefit from this growing partnership with China in terms of both sustainable development and energy access. With significant technological expertise, financing, and infrastructure capacity, China’s investments could help unlock the continent’s renewable energy potential, transforming Africa into a global leader in clean energy in the coming decades​